FRACTAL ECONOMICS

  Here, I present a paradox associated with IR thermograms; they do not show the temperature of the hot air coming out of a hairdryer—hence the gap. I discuss the background physics of the problem and offer a solution. Nitrogen and Oxygen are not received by the thermoelectric detectors in the camera. Since this clip, I have conducted an experiment running pure CO2 through a hairdryer, and it did exactly what I thought and did not heat the dryer. See the images below. The dryer would have shut down if the greenhouse effect were true, that CO2 passed its heat onto N2 and O2. There was no noticeable difference between air and pure CO2. This was a 250,000 per cent increase in the concentration of CO2. No notable effect.

I think Professor  Happer has it absolutely wrong , sadly.  This curve was made redundant by quantum mechanics. In the 1920s, more spectral modes of molecules were discovered/ identified through Raman scattering experiments by Rasetti and others. The two CO2 modes at 1288 and 1338 cm-1 shown here are both Raman only, as are the H2O and the N2O near to them. Raman Lidars can measure the temperature of all of the gases from these modes. The last CO2 mode on the right at 2349cm-1 is right by N2's single 2338cm-1 mode. From this mode, the atmosphere's temperature is measured by Lidars, and the N2-CO2 laser radiates it by infrared photons (or electron discharge). I have written to Happer, and he sadly dismisses the/my Raman measurements.   Raman spectrometers measure in reference to the blackbody radiation ground surface temperature Max value (thin black line).  Blue modes are Raman active modes , and  green lines are both IR (thermo transductive) and Raman active mo...

The Dunn Fallacy A persistent fallacy has developed from a group of thinkers as part of a rebuttal to my work, primarily from physicist Michael Dunn, whom I have communicated with extensively on this issue and to whom I give name credit on his claim.  This is a strawman fallacy.  Dunn and others respond to my work (words to the effect): "Blair, there is no Raman effect in the atmosphere that contributes to the greenhouse effect". This is something I have never claimed and never thought of claiming because it is just not true. No one has ever suggested this.  Dunn  and others  have brought this claim into existence in a red herring fallacy or a special pleading fallacy. Dunn and others are maintaining, saving the status quo, that only the IR-active spectra emit and absorb IR heat radiation and the Raman active modes do not.  I am proposing radiating pure N2 with infrared heat and measuring the temperature change (or not) with the Raman CARS spectrometer. I h...

The IR 'hairdryer paradox'. This is a thermogram of an operating hairdryer, taken using the same technology that enables us to understand greenhouse gases—thermoelectrics. Why is there a gap after the hairdryer outlet? Is the air not hot? Yes, it is blowing onto a surface, so it must be hot. Is the air not radiating infrared (heat)? Everything with a temperature radiates IR, but from this image, it appears 'air' (mostly nitrogen and oxygen) doesn't—hence, they are termed non-greenhouse gases. But this is wrong. It is that the instrument's thermo-transductive detector does not transduce electricity from the radiant heat of nitrogen and oxygen molecules. How did the 'air' get hot in the first place - and so quickly - if it does not absorb IR radiation? Air is an extremely poor thermal conductor of heat (0.026 W/(m K) ) and has a very low thermal diffusivity. Convection must imply radiation and/or conduction, so what is it? It has to be from radiation. Nitr...

Does IR transparent germanium block infrared radiation? No, it does not. Summary According to greenhouse theory, glass, H2O, CO2, and other greenhouse gases are claimed to absorb infrared (IR) radiation. They are non-transparent to the infrared. Conversely, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Germanium are assumed to be transparent to IR. We know this by the instrument that measures IR, the thermoelectric thermopile. By a simple experiment, I tested the said substances for the said claims by exposing the substances to real 'hot' infrared heat radiation. The heat that burns without contact. All but for water failed the test: it is the complete opposite of what is claimed. I concluded that the instrument, the thermopile, has led us to a systematic error. Greenhouse theory is based on this instrument and, as a result, is incomplete. Background I’d like to share with you, for the record and as brief as I can, an experiment I conducted this time last week that refutes the foundational physics o...

This diagram shows the quantum-predicted spectra of the infrared atmosphere. It distinguishes between what I term the thermo-transductive (IR) and the Raman active spectra. It also shows the 19th-century derived 'blackbody' curve for the Sun (b) and the Earth (c). The curve 'a' is the 20-century correction curve derived by Raman spectroscopy. This curve is my work, and I aim to change radiation and greenhouse theory with it. Raman spectrometers through the Boltzmann constant measure the temperature of the shown molecules. All matter radiates. And that includes the gases of the atmosphere. In my two papers(  Quantum Mechanics and Raman Spectroscopy Refute Greenhouse Theory  and  The Greenhouse Gases and Infrared Radiation Misconceived by Thermoelectric Transducers  ) I expose and address this discrepancy. I call it a systematic error that has played itself out over the last 160 years; Raman spectroscopy has solved it. Augmenting Infrared Blackbody Radiation Curves w...

Radiation: does the sun - by radiation - first heat the earth and then warm the air - to disperse fog? Or, is it the air that is radiated first - as I have claimed? This 'earth first' is the premise of GH theory (the non-GHGs don't absorb IR, right?) and, interestingly, meteorology theory with fog dispersion explanations. They both claim the land is first heated and then the fog disperses. In this clip, we see the fog disperse to the morning sun over a lake. Note that there is little to no wind. I assume the lake temperature will likely be constant over the time the clip is filmed. The obvious solution is that radiation at its quantum IR absorption emission spectra warms the air. The air temperature rises, pressure changes and water evaporates—a blue sky. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BoKFW73GhtI

Hello everyone, I have recently put out my second paper called   The Greenhouse Gases and Infrared Radiation Misconceived by Thermoelectric Transducers complementary to my earlier paper  Quantum Mechanics and Raman Spectroscopy Refute Greenhouse Theory . As the title(s) suggest, I spent a lot of time on those titles, but the greenhouse gases are no more than the thermo-electric gases. Moreover, radiation theory is all based on thermoelectrics; I have also addressed this. I have concluded that all gases are greenhouse gases. According to quantum mechanics, they all absorb and emit IR radiation; we just need two instruments to measure them. The so-called greenhouse gases are really the thermoelectric gases. There are no special gases, only special instruments. There has been a systematic error. Read a summary article I put together:  Settling The Climate Woo With Quantum-Based Raman Spectroscopy

I have now published my updated theory of the atmosphere.  Augmenting 19th Century Thermoelectric Greenhouse Theory with 20th Century Quantum Mechanics Raman Spectroscopy: Towards a Coherent Radiation Theory of the Atmosphere Debunking Greenhouse Theory Physics The Gassy Messenger. Abstract Modern climate science's fundamental premise (or assumption) is that greenhouse gases (around 2% of the atmosphere) absorb radiant infrared (IR) heat (as derived by IR spectroscopy) and are the main climate driver because of this speciality. This premise originates with the  John Tyndall 1859 thermopile infrared detection experiment . The (other)  non-greenhouse  gases  (N 2  nitrogen and O 2  oxygen)  are distinguished from the  greenhouse  gases by their (said * ) inability to absorb (infrared) heat, as deduced from the same experiment: here, absorption is confused with opacity.   Raman spectroscopy (a complement to ...

I have now published my updated theory of the atmosphere. Quantum Mechanics and Raman Spectroscopy Refute Greenhouse Theory and The Greenhouse Gases and Infrared Radiation Misconceived by Thermoelectric Transducers I have placed the following comment on Professor Brian Cox's Facebook sight in response to the following clip; I look forward to review and or feedback. Professor Cox, yes, those laws 'repeat all over the universe', but there are two gaseous molecules that - by 'our' understanding of greenhouse theory - contradict these laws, nitrogen and oxygen - together making up some 99% of Earth's atmosphere. In gre enhouse theory, N2 and O2 are assumed, as if by law, not to absorb or emit radiation, but this, if true, is in violation of both thermodynamics and quantum mechanics where everything above absolute zero and with spectra lines (vibration modes) vibrates and radiates; but conversely, if found wrong of mistaken, would pose a violation of greenho...

I would like to share with you a paradox I uncovered during my investigation into thermoelectrics ('IR spectroscopy'): the albedo-emissivity paradox.  Snow's albedo is very high as it reflects light, while its emissivity is also very high (near 1, which implies it absorbs and emits IR radiation and does not reflect IR (thermal) radiation). Snow and ice are near-perfect black bodies. But does snow really not reflect IR (heat)? In any other context, IR is thermal radiation and is related to heat and temperature. Snow absorbs this IR but does not reflect it? Can this be true? I don't think so. Black-painted or dyed snow will melt faster than white pure snow.  No one has discussed this paradox.  Where have I - or scientists gone wrong?  I have a possible answer to this, and the clew is aluminium and other shiny metals - all of which have low emissivities - next to 0. Different materials don't have such low emissivities: not water and not snow - they have high ...

Here are my questions to the team of the The Infinite Monkey Cage , Series 13   on Climate Change Where: Brian Cox and Robin Ince are joined by guests Dara O Briain, Professor Tony Ryan and Dr Gabrielle Walker to discuss the ever-hot topic of climate change. They take a forensic look at the evidence that the climate is changing, how we know we are responsible, and what can be done to stop it. The scientific will may be there, but is the political will finally catching up? My Questions 1)       How can it be oxygen and nitrogen not absorb or emit infrared radiation when (in the next chapter of my physics book) it is said ‘no substance does not radiate infrared’? 2)       Would a molecule of oxygen in the vacuum of space, in the sun, absorb IR (heat)? If not, why not? 3)       Why do we only use thermoelectric thermopile detectors (as John Tyndall used in his 1...

I have now published my updated theory of the atmosphere.  Augmenting 19th Century Thermoelectric Greenhouse Theory with 20th Century Quantum Mechanics Raman Spectroscopy: Towards a Coherent Radiation Theory of the Atmosphere Update: May 2017 I am writing up my findings, but I have settled on this question: N2 and O2 absorb and emit IR radiation in space, at least in the thermosphere. In the thermosphere, there can only be radiation, and these molecules are 'radiated' to a temperature of some 2500C. Good for the goose, good for the gander: N2 and O2 radiate in the troposphere, too.  The key assumption of climate science (to both proponents and sceptics of manmade climate change) is that N2 and O2—the non-greenhouse gases constituting 99% of the dry atmosphere—do not absorb or emit IR radiation. In space, there is only radiation to transfer heat energy. If this  is true for the vacuum of space, then it must be true for the atmosphere. Space  is the place to test t...